全国长毛兔养殖大县——蒙阴

Mengyin, the top breeding county for long haired rabbits in China

　　长毛兔养殖在山东省蒙阴县有着长达50多年的历史，在该县经济发展上一直扮演着举足轻重的角色。

The breeding of long haired rabbits has a history of over 50 years in Mengyin County, Shandong Province, and has always played a crucial role in the county's economic development.

　　蒙阴县畜牧局局长姜前运介绍，该县曾在1999年被全兔育种委员会命名为“长毛兔之乡”。近几年来，县委、县政府高度重视长毛兔的发展，长毛兔年养殖量稳定在600万只，年产兔毛4000吨，占全国总产量的30%以上，成为名副其实的全国养兔大县。

Jiang Qianyun, Director of the Animal Husbandry Bureau of Mengyin County, introduced that the county was named "Hometown of Chinese Long haired Rabbits" by the National Rabbit Breeding Committee in 1999. In recent years, the county party committee and government have attached great importance to the development of long haired rabbits. The annual breeding volume of long haired rabbits has remained stable at 6 million, with an annual output of 4000 tons of rabbit hair, accounting for more than 30% of the total production in the country. It has become the true number one rabbit breeding county in the country.

　　生态循环让八达峪村名利双收

Ecological cycle brings both fame and fortune to Badayu Village

　　近几年，随着畜禽养殖规模不断扩大带来的饲料原料紧张、人畜争粮矛盾等突出问题，长毛兔产业的优势越来越明显。蒙阴县立足山区实际，以生态为主题，大力发展特色产业，形成了具有蒙阴特色的生态养兔业。

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of animal husbandry scale, prominent problems such as shortage of feed materials and conflicts between humans and animals over food have emerged, making the advantages of the long haired rabbit industry increasingly apparent. Mengyin County is based on the actual situation in mountainous areas, with ecology as the theme, vigorously developing characteristic and efficient industries, and forming an ecological rabbit farming industry with Mengyin characteristics.

　　以八达峪村为代表的庭院循环经济模式正是生态养殖的典范。蒙阴县畜牧局畜牧站站长钟丽介绍，八达峪村的养殖特点可以概括成一句话，那就是“房在园里，林在村里，一片桃园一座房，一圈兔舍作围墙”。据了解，该村果园面积达到1500，人均3.6。如此庞大的果业如果完全采用化学肥料，对生态环境将造成较大影响。

The courtyard circular economy model represented by Badayu Village is a model of ecological aquaculture. Zhong Li, the head of the Animal Husbandry Station of Mengyin County Animal Husbandry Bureau, introduced that the breeding characteristics of Badayu Village can be summarized in one sentence, which is "houses in the garden, forests in the village, a peach orchard with one house, and a circle of rabbit houses as walls.". It is understood that the orchard area of the village has reached 1500 acres, with an average of 3.6 acres per person. If such a huge fruit industry completely uses chemical fertilizers, it will have a significant impact on the ecological environment.

　　八达峪村立足山区资源优势，创新性地把长毛兔养殖与“沼气工程”、无公害果品种植合理地结合起来，形成一个良性循环系统，将兔粪作为沼气的发酵原料，产出的沼气可用来炊事、照明，沼液和沼渣作为果品的肥料。兔粪是一种的有机肥料，通过对兔粪进行生化处理成为有机肥料，一是使长毛兔粪便得到了无害化处理，生成新的能源和资源，减少了兔业养殖对环境造成的污染。二是为该村无公害果品生产提供肥源，减少了化肥施用量，成为全县绿色无公害果品生产基地，带动了全村无公害林果业的发展。目前，全村年人均纯收入1.1万元，其中年收入50万元以上的20多户，年收入10万元以上的40多户。

Based on the advantages of mountainous resources, Badayu Village innovatively combines the breeding of long haired rabbits with "biogas engineering" and the cultivation of pollution-free fruits, forming a virtuous cycle system. Rabbit manure is used as the fermentation raw material for biogas, and the produced biogas can be used for cooking, lighting, and biogas slurry and residue are used as fertilizers for fruits. Rabbit manure is an efficient and high-quality organic fertilizer. By biochemical treatment of rabbit manure, it becomes organic fertilizer. Firstly, it makes the long haired rabbit manure harmless, generating new energy and resources, and reducing the environmental pollution caused by rabbit farming. The second is to provide fertilizer sources for the production of pollution-free fruits in the village, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied, and become a green and pollution-free fruit production base in the county, driving the development of pollution-free forestry and fruit industry in the entire village. At present, the annual per capita net income of the entire village is 11000 yuan, including more than 20 households with an annual income of over 500000 yuan and more than 40 households with an annual income of over 100000 yuan.

　　在八达峪村带动下，周边刘家峪、万家沟、坪子、东大腰、山头、芦山等村都靠农户庄园开发走上了致富道路。这种生态养兔的模式也被称为“八达峪循环农业模式”。

Driven by Badayu Village, surrounding villages such as Liujiayu, Wanjiagou, Pingzi, Dongdayao, Shantou, and Lushan have all embarked on the path of prosperity through the development of farmer's estates. This ecological rabbit farming model is also known as the "Badayu Circular Agriculture Model".

　　不求盈利

Not seeking profit

　　5年育种只为多产“一两”绒

5-year breeding is only aimed at increasing the yield of "one or two" cashmere

　　良种是长毛兔业发展的关键，而培育具有地方特色的优良长毛兔品种也是长毛兔产业持续、发展的重要基础。蒙阴县充分利用现有的长毛兔品种资源，采用现代化家畜育种理论和生物技术，培育符合新世纪家兔生产和产品市场需要的长毛兔新品种、新品系，减少对外来良种的依赖性，以满足该县长毛兔良种繁育体系建设的需要。姜前运介绍，“我们与种畜禽遗传资源管理委员会、中兔产业技术创新战略联盟技术委员会、山东农业大学教授樊新忠签订了沂蒙长毛兔新品种选育合同，培育繁殖效率高、生长速度快、适应性强和产绒量高的绒毛型沂蒙系或鲁系长毛兔新品种(系)。”

Good breeds are the key to the development of the long haired rabbit industry, and cultivating excellent long haired rabbit breeds with local characteristics is also an important foundation for the sustained and efficient development of the long haired rabbit industry. Mengyin County fully utilizes the existing resources of long haired rabbit breeds, adopts modern livestock breeding theories and biotechnology, cultivates new varieties and strains of long haired rabbits that meet the needs of rabbit production and product markets in the new century, reduces dependence on foreign high-quality varieties, and meets the needs of the county's long haired rabbit breeding system construction. Jiang Qianyun introduced, "We have signed a new breed breeding contract for Yimeng long haired rabbits with experts from the National Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Management Committee, the Technical Committee of the China Rabbit Industry Technology Innovation Strategy Alliance, and Professor Fan Xinzhong from Shandong Agricultural University. The focus is on cultivating new breeds of Yimeng or Lu style long haired rabbits with high reproductive efficiency, fast growth speed, strong adaptability, and high cashmere production."

　　怎样提高长毛兔的产量和质量，也是养殖户关心的问题。八达峪村养殖户文士会的做法充分证实了这一点。文士会已经有20多年的养兔经验，他指着家中的一排兔笼介绍，“为了提高长毛兔的产绒量，我专门做了杂交改良，这一排就是杂交改良的兔子，”他边说便从兔笼中抓出一只兔子，“这是二代的，性状还不是很明显。旁边的这个是第三代，产绒量已经有了提高。第四代和第五代兔子的性状改良比较显著。”笔者看到，与普通长毛兔相比，改良后的兔子绒毛明显增多，且手感。

How to improve the yield and quality of long haired rabbits is also a concern for breeders. The practice of the literati association of farmers in Badayu Village fully confirms this point. The literati association has more than 20 years of experience in raising rabbits. He pointed to a row of rabbit cages at home and introduced, "In order to improve the wool production of long haired rabbits, I specifically made hybrid improvements. This row is the hybrid improved rabbit," he said as he grabbed a rabbit from the cage. "This is the second generation, and the characteristics are not very obvious. The next one is the third generation, and the wool production has already increased. The fourth and fifth generation rabbits have significantly improved wool production." The author saw that compared with ordinary long haired rabbits, the improved rabbits have significantly more fur and a great feel.

　　对此，钟丽表示很惊讶：“我以前只是跟他顺口说过一次改良的事情，真没想到他居然能潜下心来，花5年的时间专门去做这件事情。这也就意味着他放弃了很多的利益，有了自己的追求。”

Zhong Li was surprised by this and said, "I only casually mentioned an improvement to him before. I never expected him to be able to devote 5 years to it. This also means that he has given up a lot of benefits and has his own professional pursuit."

　　“今年不赚钱，

I won't make any money this year,

　　利润只有15万元”

The profit is only 150000 yuan

　　在蒙阴县兔旺长毛兔繁育场，一栋栋兔舍整齐地排列在道路的两边，养殖场主人薛利看到有人来参观，热情地招呼，“天太热，快进来歇会吃点水果。”

At the Tuwang Changmao Rabbit Breeding Farm in Mengyin County, rabbit houses are neatly arranged on both sides of the road. The owner of the farm, Xue Li, warmly greeted someone who came to visit and said, "It's too hot. Come in and take a break to eat some fruit."

　　笔者了解到，这座养殖场是薛利夫妻二人创办的，目前存栏种兔1万多只，雇了7个工人帮忙。谈到去年全年的养殖情况，薛利笑着说，“去年的行情不太好，没赚到什么钱。”笔者问道，“那赔钱了吗?”“也没有赔钱，就是赚得不多，只赚了150万元左右。”

The author has learned that this breeding farm was founded by Xue Li and his wife. Currently, there are over 10000 rabbits in stock and 7 workers are hired to help. When it comes to the breeding situation for the whole year last year, Xue Li smiled and said, "The market was not very good last year, and we didn't make much money." The author asked, "Did we lose money?" "We didn't lose money either, but we didn't make much, only about 1.5 million yuan."

　　“赚了150万元，却还说没赚钱”。这也正从侧面证明了蒙阴县长毛兔养殖的盛况。50多年的长毛兔养殖历史说明长毛兔养殖在当地有着深厚的群众基础，养殖长毛兔致富的理念已深入人心。

I made 1.5 million yuan but still said I didn't make any money. This also indirectly proves the prosperity of breeding long haired rabbits in Mengyin County. The more than 50 year history of rabbit breeding indicates that rabbit breeding has a deep public foundation in the local area, and the concept of breeding rabbits to become prosperous has deeply rooted in people's hearts.

　　钟丽介绍，上级部门来调研的时候，经常会咨询蒙阴县养兔户的数量，“我们常常无法作答。若要回答出这个问题，必须把问题再细化，我们只能告诉他们存栏10万只以上的兔场有多少，1万只以上的有多少，1000只以上的有多少。”难以精确回答的主要是这一个，“存栏1000只以下的兔场数量。普通农户在家中垒个兔舍就能养殖1000只长毛兔，轻松致富。”

Zhong Li introduced that when the superior department comes to conduct research, they often consult with the number of rabbit farmers in Mengyin County. "We often cannot answer this question. If we want to answer this question, we must further refine it. We can only tell them how many rabbit farms with a stock of over 100000, how many with a stock of over 10000, and how many with a stock of over 1000." The main difficulty in accurately answering is this last one, "The number of rabbit farms with a stock of less than 1000. Ordinary farmers can easily raise 1000 long haired rabbits in a rabbit house at home, making it easy to get rich."

　　产业融合为长毛兔

Industrial integration into long haired rabbits

　　开辟更多出路

Opening up more avenues

　　姜前运介绍，2003年以后，受纺织瓶颈制约及国际市场影响，兔毛一路下滑，2007年兔毛跌40元/斤，低于养殖盈亏临界点(45元/斤)，全国长毛兔存养量下降50%，蒙阴县三分之二的长毛兔被淘汰。

Jiang Qianyun introduced that after 2003, due to textile bottlenecks and the influence of the international market, the price of rabbit hair has been declining. In 2007, the price of rabbit hair dropped to 40 yuan/jin, below the critical point of breeding profit and loss (45 yuan/jin). The national inventory of long haired rabbits decreased by 50%, and two-thirds of the long haired rabbits in Mengyin County were eliminated.

　　为实现长毛兔一二三产业的融合发展，蒙阴县还做了很多努力，打造了一个个化的平台，涌现出一批批创造型的人才。

In order to achieve the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries of Changmao Rabbit, Mengyin County has also made many efforts, creating specialized platforms and emerging batches of innovative talents.

　　在体系建设和平台打造方面，蒙阴县出台了《关于加快建设现代兔产业体系的实施意见》，突出构建布局合理、功能完善、链条完整、特色彰显的现代兔产业体系：一是积极做好兔产业招商引资工作，建成集兔毛、兔绒、纱线、面料服饰生产于一体的集约化产业联合体，逐步健全主产业链条。二是做好畜牧业“互联网+”融合发展。构建兔绒物流、信息流、资金流的网络化运营体系。三是建设物价指数信息平台，规范行业秩序，和物价局与山东财经大学建设了长毛兔物价指数信息平台，形成兔毛指数，掌握市场行情，制定兔绒及其产品的销售基准，避免恶意竞争，规范产销秩序。

In terms of system construction and platform building, Mengyin County has issued the Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a Modern Rabbit Industry System, highlighting the construction of a modern rabbit industry system with reasonable layout, complete functions, complete chains, and distinctive features. Firstly, actively do a good job in attracting investment in the rabbit industry, establish an intensive industrial consortium that integrates rabbit hair trading, rabbit wool, yarn, fabric and clothing production, and gradually improve the main industrial chain. Second, do a good job in the integrated development of animal husbandry "Internet plus". Build a networked operation system for rabbit velvet logistics, information flow, and capital flow. The third is to build a price index information platform, standardize industry order, and the Price Bureau and Shandong University of Finance and Economics have established a long haired rabbit price index information platform to form a rabbit hair price index, grasp the latest market trends, formulate sales benchmark prices for rabbit hair and its products, avoid malicious competition, and regulate production and sales order.

　　在人才建设方面，蒙阴街道刘家峪村村民张远保，在发展长毛兔养殖的同时，从事兔笼设备加工安装，业务遍布全省及河南、山西等省市，年安装兔舍10万个。常路镇五里桥村村民肖树青，常年从事长毛兔人工授精业务，年可供精30万份，带动培训周边养殖户80多名。

In terms of talent development, Zhang Yuanbao, a villager from Liujiayu Village in Mengyin Street, is engaged in the processing and installation of rabbit cage equipment while developing the breeding of long haired rabbits. His business covers the entire province, as well as provinces and cities such as Henan and Shanxi, with an annual installation of 100000 rabbit houses. Xiao Shuqing, a villager from Wuliqiao Village, Changlu Town, has been engaged in artificial insemination of long haired rabbits for many years. He can supply 300000 sperm annually and has trained more than 80 nearby breeders.

　　据初步统计，全县从事饲料加工300余人、贩草料100余人、兔毛收购200余人、剪兔毛100余人，形成了集长毛兔养殖、育种、防疫、兔毛收购、加工、销售于一体的完整产业链条。养兔业已经成为蒙阴县农业和农村经济的重要支柱产业。。

According to preliminary statistics, more than 300 people in the county specialize in feed processing, more than 100 people sell grass feed, more than 200 people purchase rabbit hair, and more than 100 people cut rabbit hair, forming a complete industrial chain that integrates long haired rabbit breeding, breeding, epidemic prevention, rabbit hair purchase, processing, and sales. Rabbit farming has become an important pillar industry of agriculture and rural economy in Mengyin County..

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