长毛兔：原译安哥拉兔，起源于小亚细亚一带，名字来自安哥拉城，即土耳其首都安卡拉。安哥拉兔从1723年由英国海员带到法国，再传到世界。后来形成了法、英、德和中四个不同的品系，长毛兔有白、黑、粟、蓝、灰、黄等多种颜色，白色兔的眼为红色，有色兔的眼睛为黑色。白色兔毛有利染色，故饲养白色长毛兔为普遍。

Angora rabbit: originally translated Angora rabbit, originated in Asia Minor, and its name comes from Angola City, namely Ankara, the capital of Türkiye. The Angora rabbit was brought to France by British sailors in 1723 and then spread to the world. Later on, four different strains were formed, including France, England, Germany, and China. The long haired rabbit had various colors such as white, black, millet, blue, gray, and yellow. The eyes of the white rabbit were red, while those of the colored rabbit were black. White rabbit hair is beneficial for staining, so raising white long haired rabbits is the most common.

形态特征

Morphological features

安哥拉兔全身绒毛厚实且浓密，被毛有毛丛结构，不易缠结，有波浪式弯曲。面部有些无长毛，也有些额毛、颊毛丰盛，但大部分耳背无长毛，仅有耳尖的一撮长毛。四肢、腹部都有茂密的绒毛，体毛细长且柔软，排列整齐。四肢强健，背部平直，头型略尖，耳朵呈V状，眼睛大而圆。安哥拉兔体型较大，成年体重可达3.5~5.7kg。体长约45cm，胸围30~35cm。年产毛量可达1190~2000g。

Angora rabbits have thick and dense fur all over their body, with a tuft like structure that is not easily tangled and has wavy curves. Some of the facial features have no long hair, while others have abundant forehead and cheek hair. However, most of the earlobes have no long hair, only a small tuft of hair on the tip of the ear. There are dense hairs on the limbs and abdomen, with slender and soft body hair arranged neatly. Strong limbs, straight back, slightly pointed head, V-shaped ears, large and round eyes. Angora rabbits have a larger body size and can reach an adult weight of 3.5-5.7kg. The body length is about 45cm, and the chest circumference is 30-35cm. The annual gross production can reach 1190-2000g.

生活环境

living environment

安哥拉兔受到超过临界温度的影响显著。仔兔的适环境温度为30℃~32℃，幼兔的适温度为20℃~25℃，成年兔的适温度范围较大，为15℃~25℃，临界温度为5℃和30℃。高温环境会严重影响安哥拉兔幼崽的生长、进食以及受胎能力，而且随着温度的增长，微生物变得更加活跃，导致安哥拉兔的得病率上升、抵抗力下降；低温环境则不利于安哥拉兔的心肺功能正常运转。

Angora rabbits are significantly affected by temperatures exceeding the critical range. The optimal environmental temperature for young rabbits is 30 ℃~32 ℃, the optimal temperature for young rabbits is 20 ℃~25 ℃, and the optimal temperature range for adult rabbits is relatively large, ranging from 15 ℃~25 ℃. The critical temperatures are 5 ℃ and 30 ℃. High temperature environments can seriously affect the growth, feeding, and fertility of Angora rabbit cubs, and as temperature increases, microorganisms become more active, leading to an increase in disease incidence and a decrease in resistance in Angora rabbits; Low temperature environment is not conducive to the normal functioning of the heart and lungs of Angora rabbits.

安哥拉兔喜欢干燥清洁，高温高湿和低温高湿环境对安哥拉兔都有严重的不利影响。安哥拉兔适湿度应在60%~65%。空气相对湿度低于50%会导致兔毛粗糙，质量下降，对于安哥拉兔的呼吸系统也会造成损伤；空气相对湿度高于70%的话，会导致微生物的大面积繁殖，污染兔毛，导致品质下降，提高安哥拉兔染病概率，造成疾病或死亡。

Angora rabbits like to be dry and clean, and both high temperature, high humidity, and low temperature, high humidity environments have serious adverse effects on Angora rabbits. The optimal humidity for Angora rabbits should be between 60% and 65%. Air relative humidity below 50% can lead to rough rabbit hair, decreased quality, and damage to the respiratory system of Angora rabbits; If the relative humidity of the air is higher than 70%, it will lead to the large-scale reproduction of microorganisms, contaminate rabbit hair, lead to a decrease in quality, increase the probability of Angora rabbits getting sick, and cause disease or death.

生活习性

Living habits

安哥拉兔属于昼伏夜出性动物，白天多静伏笼中，属于半睡眠状态，采食量少；夜间十分活跃，频繁采食和饮水，进食占全天的70%左右，饮水占全天的60%左右。安哥拉兔神经敏感，胆小怕惊，如遇突然的刺激、异常的声音，就会精神不安，食欲减退，甚患病死亡。

Angora rabbits are diurnal and nocturnal animals, often resting in cages during the day and in a semi dormant state with low food intake; Very active at night, frequently feeding and drinking water. Eating accounts for about 70% of the day, while drinking water accounts for about 60% of the day. Angora rabbits have sensitive nerves and are timid and afraid of shock. In the event of sudden stimulation or abnormal sounds, they may become mentally unstable, lose appetite, and even suffer from illness and death.

安哥拉兔是食草动物，喜欢吃青绿鲜嫩多汁的饲料，其次是粗磨的颗粒饲料，不喜欢吃粉料。安哥拉兔还具有啃食硬物的习性，因为其门齿会不断生长，只有不断啃咬硬物来磨损门齿，使得上下门齿吻合，才能有效采食。

Angora rabbits are herbivorous animals and prefer to eat green, tender, and juicy feed, followed by coarsely ground pellet feed. They do not like to eat powdered feed. Angora rabbits also have a habit of gnawing on hard objects, as their front teeth will continue to grow. Only by constantly gnawing on hard objects can they wear down their front teeth and make the upper and lower front teeth match, in order to effectively feed.

主要价值

Main value

饲养安哥拉兔是现代的养殖业之一。随着科学技术的发展，兔毛不仅可用于粗纺，也能用于精纺，是一种纺织原料。兔毛具有长、细、柔软、耐用等优点，细度约为细羊毛的一半。由于其角蛋白有很大的吸水能力，即使含潮率达30%，纤维也不显潮湿，并具有相当好的绝缘能力，兔毛无羊毛粗脂，不需经分选、水洗、炭化、烘干便可直接用于工业，故有“特种纤维”之称。而且其保暖性能比羊毛高31.7%，比棉花高90.5%，所以兔毛纺织品具有轻暖、美观等特点，深受消费者青睐。

Raising Angora rabbits is one of the modern animal husbandry industries. With the development of science and technology, rabbit hair can not only be used for rough spinning, but also for fine spinning, making it a high-end textile raw material. Rabbit hair has advantages such as length, thinness, softness, and durability, with a fineness of about half that of the finest wool. Due to its high water absorption ability of keratin, even with a moisture content of 30%, the fiber does not appear damp and has good insulation ability. Rabbit hair does not have wool or coarse fat and can be directly used in industry without sorting, washing, carbonization, or drying, hence it is called "special fiber". Moreover, its thermal insulation performance is 31.7% higher than wool and 90.5% higher than cotton, so rabbit hair textiles have the characteristics of being light, warm, and beautiful, which are highly favored by consumers.

安哥拉兔毛纤维被赞为世上细的“华贵”纤维。经测量，其直径为10~12μm，长度达到40~70mm。该纤维具有空腔结构，可将空气封闭在内，这种结构特性使得安哥拉兔毛纤维具有高绝热性和极轻的重量。而且安哥拉兔毛纤维密度很小，仅约1.15gm/cm?，该纤维与超细羊毛、马海毛、真丝及羊驼毛等纤维混纺，可加工成时尚面料和保暖效果的内衣。安哥拉兔的产毛效率高，产毛的饲料消耗少，具有成本低利润率高、省人力省土地等价值。

Angora rabbit hair fiber is praised as the finest "luxurious" fiber in the world. After measurement, its diameter is 10-12 μ m. The length reaches 40-70mm. This fiber has a cavity structure that can seal air inside, which makes Angora rabbit hair fiber highly insulated and extremely lightweight. And the fiber density of Angolan rabbit hair is very small, only about 1.15gm/cm?, This fiber is blended with fibers such as ultra-fine wool, mohair, silk, and alpaca wool, and can be processed into fashionable fabrics and underwear with excellent thermal insulation effects. Angora rabbits have high wool production efficiency, low feed consumption for wool production, low cost, high profit margin, and the value of saving manpower and land.