（一）穴居性和夜行性

（1） Cave dwelling and nocturnal

长毛兔是家兔的一个类型，由野兔驯化而来，具有穴居本能，这是它们的祖先为了创造栖息环境和防御敌害而采取的措施，并能将此特性遗传给后代。驯化的长毛兔仍有这种习性，如果在泥土地平养，要严加控制打洞旧习重演。笼养后使其无法打洞，便于大规模集约化饲养，但仍未能改变穴居的遗传特性。

The long haired rabbit is a type of rabbit that was domesticated from wild rabbits and has a burrowing instinct. This is a measure taken by their ancestors to create a habitat and defend against enemies, and they can pass on this characteristic to their offspring. Domesticated long haired rabbits still have this habit. If they are raised flat in mud, it is necessary to strictly control the recurrence of the old habit of burrowing. After being kept in captivity, it was unable to drill holes, making it easier for large-scale intensive breeding, but it still failed to change the genetic characteristics of cave dwelling.

野生兔体小、力弱，防御能力小，在长期自然选择的作用下，形成白天伏于洞中，夜间四处活动觅食。长毛兔在人工饲养条件下，白日多静伏笼中，闭目养神，夜间十分活跃，频繁采食饮水。据测定，长毛兔夜间采食和饮水时间约占一昼夜的70%。为此，在饲养管理过程中，要合理安排饲养日程，夜间要供应充足的草料，白天尽量不要妨碍其休息和睡眠，特别在炎热的夏天更应如此。

Wild rabbits are small in size, weak in strength, and have weak defense abilities. Under long-term natural selection, they form a habit of lying in their burrows during the day and wandering around for food at night. Under artificial breeding conditions, long haired rabbits often rest in their cages during the day, close their eyes to nourish their minds, and are very active at night, frequently feeding and drinking water. According to measurements, the feeding and drinking time of long haired rabbits at night accounts for about 70% of the day and night. Therefore, in the process of feeding management, it is necessary to arrange the feeding schedule reasonably, provide sufficient forage at night, and try not to disturb their rest and sleep during the day, especially in hot summer.

（二）胆小怕受惊

（2） Cowardly and afraid of being frightened

长毛兔胆小，遇到敌害时，可借助敏锐的听觉和弯曲的脊柱迅速逃跑。平日若遇到异常声音，常竖耳静听，或惊慌失措，或乱蹦乱跳，有时发出很响的顿足声，以向“同伴”警告。受惊吓的妊娠兔容易流产；正在分娩的母兔受惊，会咬死或吃掉初生仔兔。

The long haired rabbit is timid and can quickly escape with the help of its sharp hearing and curved spine when encountering enemies. If encountering abnormal sounds on weekdays, one often stands up and listens quietly, or panics or jumps around randomly, sometimes making a loud stomping sound to warn their "companions". Scared pregnant rabbits are prone to miscarriage; A mother rabbit giving birth is frightened and may bite or eat its newborn offspring.

哺乳母兔受惊拒绝哺乳；正在采食的兔受惊，往往停止采食。所以，在选择场地时，要远离交通要道，避免各种噪音的干扰。在饲养过程中，人的动作要轻、稳，尽量保持兔舍安静。严防、猫等动物窜入兔舍，影响兔的正常生活。

The nursing mother rabbit is frightened and refuses to breastfeed; Rabbits that are feeding are frightened and often stop feeding. So, when choosing a venue, it is important to stay away from traffic arteries and avoid interference from various noises. During the breeding process, human movements should be light and stable, and the rabbit house should be kept as quiet as possible. Strictly prevent animals such as dogs and cats from entering the rabbit house, which may affect the normal life of the rabbits.

（三）怕热耐寒，喜欢干燥

（3） Afraid of heat and cold, prefers dryness

长毛兔与肉兔、皮兔相比较，被毛浓密、纤维细长，体表热量不易散发。加之汗腺极不发达，体温调节热量的能力很差，使得长笔兔非常怕热。由于被毛密度大，抗寒能力相对较强。但对仔兔应注意保温，因为仔兔体裸，热量散发快，低温会给它带来不良影响。以在兔舍结构设计、饲养密度上均应注意。

Compared with meat rabbits and skin rabbits, long haired rabbits have dense fur, slender fibers, and are less likely to emit surface heat. In addition, the sweat glands are extremely underdeveloped, and the ability to regulate body temperature and heat is very poor, making the Long Pen Rabbit very afraid of heat. Due to its high wool density, it has relatively strong cold resistance. But for young rabbits, attention should be paid to insulation, because their bodies are naked and heat is dissipated quickly. Low temperatures can have adverse effects on them. Attention should be paid to the structure design and feeding density of the rabbit house.

夏季做好防暑，冬季搞好保暖，仔兔窝中心温度霁保持在30-32℃范围内。长毛兔喜欢清洁下燥的环境，成年兔有固定的地方排粪、排尿习惯，并且常用舌头舔拭自己的前肢和其他部位的被毛，身上的污垢。潮湿的环境容易使兔感染各种疾病。因此，兔舍应建在地势高燥的地方，平日要经常清扫兔舍卫生，保持清洁干燥的生活环境。

Take measures to prevent heatstroke in summer and keep warm in winter, keeping the temperature at the center of the rabbit's nest within the range of 30-32 ℃. Long haired rabbits like to clean dry environments. Adult rabbits have a fixed habit of defecating and urinating, and often use their tongue to lick and wipe the fur on their forelimbs and other parts to remove dirt from their bodies. A damp environment can easily infect rabbits with various diseases. Therefore, the rabbit house should be built in a high and dry area, and the rabbit house should be regularly cleaned for hygiene on weekdays to maintain a clean and dry living environment.

（四）喜欢啃咬硬物

（4） Likes to gnaw on hard objects

长毛兔的齿塑属双门齿型，门齿中的对牙叫“恒齿”，初生仔兔就有恒齿，且以后不断生长，必须通过啃咬硬物将其磨平，才能使上下颌齿面吻合。长毛兔啃咬硬物的习惯，与鼠类相似，被称为啮齿行为。

The tooth shape of the long haired rabbit belongs to the double door tooth type, and the first pair of teeth in the front teeth is called "permanent teeth". Newborn rabbits have permanent teeth and continue to grow. They must be ground flat by biting hard objects to make the upper and lower teeth match. The habit of long haired rabbits gnawing on hard objects, similar to rodents, is known as rodent behavior.

长毛兔的这种习性，经常损坏笼具及附属设备，为了避免此类现象的发生，往往在笼中放一些粗硬的树枝，任其自由啃咬磨牙。在设计和建造兔舍时，笼门的边框，产仔箱的边缘，以及凡能被兔啃咬的地方，采取加固措施，如是木质兔笼，需在笼内木条上加封铁皮，以防损坏兔笼。

The habit of long haired rabbits often damages the cage and ancillary equipment. In order to avoid this phenomenon, thick and hard branches are often placed in the cage, allowing them to freely gnaw and grind their teeth. When designing and constructing a rabbit house, reinforcement measures should be taken on the frame of the cage door, the edge of the litter box, and any areas that can be bitten by rabbits. If it is a wooden rabbit cage, iron sheet should be added to the wooden bars inside the cage to prevent damage to the cage.

（五）性情温顺，群居性差

（5） Mild temperament and poor social skills

长毛兔性情温顺，可任人抚摸或捕捉，特别适合笼养和家庭饲养。但在某些情况下，也会产生异常行为，如母兔产仔或带仔时拒绝捕捉，并出现攻击行为，此时不要捕捉母兔。当遇到敌害或四肢被地板夹住时，常发出尖叫声，在设计笼舍地板间距时要特别讲究。当长毛兔发怒或向同伴和仔兔发出警告时，往往用后肢猛顿地板。

The long haired rabbit has a gentle temperament and can be caressed or captured by people, making it particularly suitable for cage and family breeding. But in some cases, abnormal behavior may also occur, such as the mother rabbit refusing to catch when giving birth or carrying offspring, and exhibiting aggressive behavior. At this time, do not capture the mother rabbit. When encountering enemies or limbs being sandwiched by the floor, a sharp cry is often made, and special attention should be paid to designing the spacing between cage floors. When a long haired rabbit gets angry or issues a warning to its companions and offspring, it often uses its hind limbs to forcefully hit the floor.

管理时饲养人员的动作要轻，以防兔受惊发怒。长毛兔群居性差，在群养情况下，公、母之间或同性别之间，经常发生剧烈的斗殴。在管理上对种公兔、妊娠、哺乳母兔应单笼词养，对生产兔应分群管理，且以3-5只一群为宜。

During management, the actions of the breeders should be gentle to prevent the rabbits from getting scared and angry. Long haired rabbits have poor social behavior and often engage in violent fights between males, females, or same-sex individuals in group breeding. In terms of management, breeding male rabbits, pregnant and lactating female rabbits should be kept in a single cage, while production rabbits should be managed in groups, with a suitable group of 3-5 rabbits.