长毛兔养殖涉及场地与兔舍建设、品种选择、饲养管理、繁殖技术、疾病防治等多个方面，以下是相关知识介绍：

The breeding of long haired rabbits involves multiple aspects such as site and rabbit house construction, breed selection, feeding management, breeding technology, disease prevention and control. The following is an introduction to relevant knowledge:

场地与兔舍建设

Venue and rabbit house construction

场地选择：应选择地势较高、干燥、通风和排水良好的地方，是在背风向阳处。同时，要远离交通要道、工厂、居民区等，以减少噪音和污染对兔子的应激影响。

Site selection: It is recommended to choose a place with high terrain, dry conditions, good ventilation and drainage, preferably in a leeward and sunny area. At the same time, it is necessary to stay away from traffic arteries, factories, residential areas, etc. to reduce the stress effects of noise and pollution on rabbits.

兔舍建设：兔舍内部要合理规划，一般可分为种兔舍、育肥兔舍、幼兔舍等。兔笼可选用金属丝笼或水泥预制板兔笼，尺寸一般为长 70-80 厘米、宽 60-70 厘米、高 40-50 厘米，保证兔子有足够的活动空间。兔舍内要安装照明设备和通风设施，以保证光照和空气流通。

Rabbit house construction: The interior of the rabbit house should be planned reasonably, and it can generally be divided into rabbit breeding house, fattening rabbit house, juvenile rabbit house, etc. The rabbit cage can be made of metal wire cage or precast cement board rabbit cage, with dimensions generally ranging from 70-80 centimeters in length, 60-70 centimeters in width, and 40-50 centimeters in height, ensuring sufficient space for the rabbits to move around. Lighting equipment and ventilation facilities should be installed in the rabbit house to ensure illumination and air circulation.

品种选择

Variety selection

目前常见的优良长毛兔品种有安哥拉兔、德系安哥拉兔、法系安哥拉兔等。安哥拉兔产毛量高、毛质好；德系安哥拉兔体型较大，产毛量高，但对饲养管理要求较高；法系安哥拉兔适应性强，繁殖性能较好。养殖户可根据当地的气候条件、市场需求和养殖技术水平等因素选择合适的品种。

At present, common excellent long haired rabbit breeds include Angora rabbit, German Angora rabbit, French Angora rabbit, etc. Angora rabbits have high hair production and good hair quality; German Angora rabbits have a larger body size and higher hair production, but require higher requirements for feeding and management; French Angora rabbits have strong adaptability and good reproductive performance. Farmers can choose suitable varieties based on local climate conditions, market demand, and breeding technology level.

饲养管理

Feeding management

饲料供应

feed provision

青饲料：以苜蓿、黑麦草、红薯秧、胡萝卜缨等为主，这些青饲料富含维生素和纤维素，是长毛兔的食物来源。

Green feed: mainly consisting of alfalfa, ryegrass, sweet potato seedlings, carrot shoots, etc. These green feeds are rich in vitamins and fiber, making them a high-quality food source for long haired rabbits.

精饲料：主要由玉米、豆粕、麸皮等组成，并添加适量的矿物质和维生素预混料，以满足长毛兔生长、产毛和繁殖的营养需求。

Concentrated feed: mainly composed of corn, soybean meal, bran, etc., with appropriate amounts of mineral and vitamin premix added to meet the nutritional needs of long haired rabbits for growth, wool production, and reproduction.

喂养方法：遵循定时定量、少喂勤添的原则。一般每天喂 3-4 次，青饲料和精饲料要合理搭配，冬季可适当增加精饲料的比例，夏季则多喂青饲料，以保证兔子的食欲和营养均衡。同时，要保证充足、清洁的饮水，可采用自动饮水器或定期更换饮水的方式。

Feeding method: Follow the principle of timed and quantitative feeding, frequent feeding with less. Usually fed 3-4 times a day, the combination of green feed and concentrated feed should be reasonable. In winter, the proportion of concentrated feed can be increased appropriately, and in summer, more green feed should be fed to ensure the appetite and nutritional balance of rabbits. At the same time, to ensure sufficient and clean drinking water, automatic water dispensers or regular replacement of drinking water can be used.

日常管理

daily management 

卫生清洁：每天要清扫兔舍和兔笼，及时粪便和剩余饲料，保持兔舍干燥、清洁。定期对兔舍、兔笼和用具进行，可选用过氧乙酸、氢氧化钠等剂。

Hygiene and cleanliness: Clean the rabbit house and cage daily, promptly remove feces and remaining feed, and keep the rabbit house dry and clean. Regularly disinfect rabbit houses, cages, and utensils, using disinfectants such as peracetic acid and sodium hydroxide.

温度和湿度控制：长毛兔适宜的生长温度为 15-25℃，湿度为 60%-70%。夏季要做好防暑降温工作，可在兔舍内安装风扇、遮阳网等；冬季要注意保暖，可增加垫料厚度，封闭兔舍门窗。

Temperature and humidity control: The suitable growth temperature for long haired rabbits is 15-25 ℃, and the humidity is 60% -70%. In summer, heatstroke prevention and cooling measures should be taken, such as installing fans and sunshades in the rabbit house; Pay attention to keeping warm in winter, increase the thickness of the padding, and seal the doors and windows of the rabbit house.

梳毛和采毛：定期给长毛兔梳毛，防止兔毛缠结，一般每周梳毛 1-2 次。采毛方法有拔毛和剪毛两种，拔毛可使兔毛质量更好，但操作时要注意力度，避免损伤皮肤；剪毛则较为简便，一般每 3-4 个月剪毛一次。

Combing and Picking Hair: Regularly comb the fur of long haired rabbits to prevent tangling, usually 1-2 times a week. There are two methods for collecting rabbit fur: plucking and shearing. Pulling fur can improve the quality of rabbit fur, but attention should be paid to the strength during operation to avoid damaging the skin; Trimming is relatively simple, usually done every 3-4 months.

繁殖技术

Reproductive technology

配种年龄：长毛兔一般在 5-6 月龄达到性成熟，7-8 月龄体重达到 2.5-3 千克时可进行初配。过早配种会影响兔子的生长发育和繁殖性能。

Mating age: Long haired rabbits generally reach sexual maturity at 5-6 months of age, and can be first mated when their weight reaches 2.5-3 kilograms at 7-8 months of age. Early mating can affect the growth, development, and reproductive performance of rabbits.

配种方法：自然配种是让公母兔自行交配，一般在母兔发情期将母兔放入公兔笼内，交配后将母兔放回原笼。人工授精则需要的设备和技术，可提高优良种公兔的利用率，减少疾病传播。

Breeding method: Natural breeding is to let male and female rabbits mate on their own. Generally, during the female rabbit's estrus period, the female rabbit is placed in the male rabbit cage, and after mating, the female rabbit is placed back in its original cage. Artificial insemination requires specialized equipment and technology to improve the utilization rate of high-quality male rabbits and reduce disease transmission.

妊娠与分娩：长毛兔的妊娠期一般为 30-31 天。母兔怀孕后要加强营养，增加蛋白质、维生素和矿物质的供应。在母兔分娩前 3-5 天，要将产仔箱放入兔笼内，箱内铺上柔软的垫草。母兔分娩后，要及时给母兔提供清洁的饮水和易消化的食物，以防止母兔因口渴而食仔。

Pregnancy and childbirth: The gestation period of long haired rabbits is generally 30-31 days. Pregnant female rabbits should strengthen their nutrition and increase the supply of protein, vitamins, and minerals. 3-5 days before the female rabbit gives birth, the litter box should be placed in the rabbit cage and covered with soft bedding. After the mother rabbit gives birth, it is necessary to provide clean drinking water and easily digestible food to the mother rabbit in a timely manner to prevent it from eating offspring due to thirst.

疾病防治

disease control

预防措施

preventive measure

疫苗接种：定期给长毛兔接种兔瘟、巴氏杆菌病、魏氏梭菌病等疫苗，以增强兔子的免疫力，预防传染病的发生。

Vaccination: Regularly vaccinate long haired rabbits against rabbit plague, Pasteurella disease, Clostridium difficile disease, and other diseases to enhance their immunity and prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.

科学饲养：提供营养、均衡的饲料，保证兔子的健康生长，增强其抗病能力。同时，要注意饲料和饮水的卫生，防止污染。

Scientific feeding: providing nutritious and balanced feed to ensure the healthy growth of rabbits and enhance their disease resistance. At the same time, attention should be paid to the hygiene of feed and drinking water to prevent pollution.

环境管理：保持兔舍清洁、干燥、通风良好，定期，减少病原体的滋生和传播。

Environmental management: Keep the rabbit house clean, dry, well ventilated, regularly disinfect, and reduce the breeding and transmission of pathogens.

常见疾病及

Common diseases and treatments

兔瘟：由兔瘟病毒引起的急性、烈性传染病，主要表现为体温升高、精神沉郁、呼吸急促等。目前尚无方法，主要依靠疫苗预防。

Rabbit plague: an acute and highly infectious disease caused by the rabbit plague virus, mainly characterized by elevated body temperature, mental depression, rapid breathing, etc. At present, there is no specific treatment method, mainly relying on vaccine prevention.

巴氏杆菌病：由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的一种常见传染病，可表现为鼻炎、肺炎、中耳炎等多种症状。时可选用青霉素、链霉素、磺胺类药物等进行肌肉注射或口服。

Pasteurellosis: a common infectious disease caused by Pasteurella multocida, which can manifest as various symptoms such as rhinitis, pneumonia, otitis media, etc. Penicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamide drugs, etc. can be used for intramuscular injection or oral administration during treatment.

球虫病：由艾美耳球虫引起的一种寄生虫病，主要危害幼兔，表现为腹泻、消瘦、贫血等症状。可选用氯苯胍、地克珠利等抗球虫药物进行预防和。

Coccidiosis: a parasitic disease caused by Eimeria, mainly affecting young rabbits, manifested as diarrhea, emaciation, anemia and other symptoms. Anticoccidial drugs such as Chlorpheniramine and Dictuzumab can be used for prevention and treatment.

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