长毛兔主要经济价值在于兔毛，手拔的兔毛纤维长、品质好、等级高，但如果拔毛不当也会引发疾病，导致蒙阴长毛兔死亡。特别是在寒冷季节，保暖设施不完善的兔场更为突出。为了减少饲养者的损失，现对拔毛引发疾病的原因进行分析，并且谈谈应对措施。

The main economic value of long-haired rabbits lies in their hair, which is long in fiber, good in quality, and high in grade. However, if not properly plucked, it can also cause diseases, leading to the death of Mengyin long-haired rabbits. Especially in cold seasons, rabbit farms with inadequate heating facilities are even more prominent. In order to reduce the losses of breeders, the causes of diseases caused by plucking are analyzed and countermeasures are discussed.

发病症状

Pathogenic symptoms

凡在拔毛后1～2天突然死亡的毛兔，主要表现为皮下水肿，体温下降，皮肤呈青紫色，有的呈现衰弱无力、采食量减少的症状，有的引发皮肤炎症和癣病等。

"Any rabbit that dies suddenly 1 to 2 days after depilation is characterized by subcutaneous edema, decreased body temperature, and a bluish purple skin. Some rabbits exhibit symptoms of weakness and reduced food intake, while others cause skin inflammation and ringworm disease.".

病因分析

Etiological analysis

⑴由应激反应所致。拔毛时受到强制性的拉力，引起兔血液循环加快，导致严重的心力衰竭而死于心源性休克。

(1) Caused by stress reactions. "During hair removal, the rabbit is subjected to a forced pull force, causing accelerated blood circulation, leading to severe heart failure and death from cardiogenic shock.".

⑵拔毛用力不均，造成皮肤浆膜分离而产生皮下水肿。

(2) Uneven pulling force can cause separation of skin serosa and subcutaneous edema.

⑶寒冷季节拔毛，保暖设备差，引起兔体受冻而发病死亡。

(3) In cold seasons, hair removal and poor thermal insulation equipment cause the rabbit to suffer from freezing and die.

⑷拔毛后兔的抵抗力下降，使细菌乘机而入大量繁殖而引起急性死亡。

(4) After depilation, the resistance of the rabbit decreases, causing bacteria to take advantage of the opportunity and multiply in large numbers, causing acute death.

⑸拔毛后需大量营养供应，使新毛生长，而有些饲养者管理粗放，兔体长期得不到营养，导致体质瘦弱，生长发育缓慢。

(5) After hair removal, a large amount of nutrition is required to enable the growth of new hair. However, some breeders have extensive management, resulting in long-term lack of nutrition for the rabbit body, leading to physical weakness and slow growth and development.

应对措施

Countermeasures

⑴拔毛方法要得当。在拔毛前1天，给每只兔服地塞米松药片4～5粒，次日按绒毛生长的方向，一小撮一小撮地拔取，先拔长毛，后拔短毛，动作要轻，不宜过急。如有皮肤被撕破，立即用紫药水涂抹。

(1) The depilation method should be appropriate. One day before hair removal, give each rabbit 4-5 dexamethasone tablets. The next day, pull out small pieces of dexamethasone tablets according to the direction of hair growth. First, pull out the long hair, then pull out the short hair. The action should be light, not too hasty. If any skin is torn, immediately smear with purple potion.

⑵重视保暖。兔舍进行封闭，要用火炉、电炉、电灯等加温，保持室温在13℃以上，也可在兔笼内垫上稻草以利保暖。

(2) Pay attention to warmth preservation. The rabbit coop should be closed and heated by a stove, electric stove, or lamp to maintain a room temperature above 13 ℃. Straw can also be placed inside the rabbit coop to keep it warm.

⑶加强营养。拔毛后增加富含蛋白质的饲料，以增强兔体的抵抗力，促进新毛生长。对体质瘦弱的毛兔，每天可加喂煮熟的黄豆10粒左右。

(3) Strengthen nutrition. After hair removal, add protein rich feed to enhance the resistance of the rabbit body and promote the growth of new hair. For thin and weak rabbits, about 10 boiled soybeans can be added every day.

⑷对幼兔、怀孕母兔、哺乳母兔及种公兔不宜拔毛。

(4) It is not suitable for plucking young rabbits, pregnant female rabbits, lactating female rabbits, and breeding male rabbits.

⑸拔毛前要用肥皂洗手，衣服用具等要进行。

(5) Wash hands with soap before plucking, and disinfect clothes and appliances.

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